Storage battery.



PATENTED JAN. 28, 1908. W; GARDINER.

STORAGE BATTERY.

APPLICATION FILED m 2.1905.

4 SHEET3SHEET 1.

PATENTBD JAN. 28, 1908.

W. GARDINER.

STORAGE BATTERY. APPLICATION FILED MAY2.1305.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

.PATENTED JAN. 28, 1908.

4 sanms-sannw a.

w GARDINER STORAGE BATTERY. APPLICATION FILED HAY 2 1905.

NO. 877,889. PATENTBD JAN. 28; 1908 w. GARDNER. STSRAGE; BATTERY.

4 sEEETs-s in 4.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 2. 1905.

-' that the battery can be charged'and dis- UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM- GARDINER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, assreuon, BY nEsNE' ASSIGNMENTS, 'ro

COMMERCIAL STORAGE BATTERY COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION Specification of Letters Patent.

. s'roaacn Barman Patented Jan. 28., 1908. I

Application on m 2.190s. Serial m. 258.510.

To all whom it'may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM Ganmxna, a citizen of the United States of America, and resident of Chicago, Cook county, Illinois, have invented acertain new. and useful Improvement in Storage Batteries, of which the following is a specification. a

'- -My invention relates to storage batteries in general, but moreparticularly to storage batteries of that'type in which lead grids or plates are employed, and especially to lead storage batteries in which the material-tobecome-active consists of paste, of any suitable or well-known character, applied to the lead grids and then permitted to harden, so

charged, in the usual and well-known manner, without danger of the said material becoming loosened and detached from the lead 'ds or other metallic supports.

Generally stated, the object'of my invention is the provision of. an improved, simplified and highly efiicient storage battery of the foregoing general character.

Certain specialobjccts of my invention are: The provision ,of an improved construction of lead grid for the negative plate or electrode,-that is, for the so-called positive-pole-element; to provide an improved construction of grid for the positive plate or elcctrode,that is, tor -the so-called nega- .tive-pole-element; .to provide an improved construction and arrangement for insuring for said plates or elements a maxunum of outer active surface, or surface-to-becomeactive,-such as the outer surface of the paste which has been applied to the grid and allowed to harden,,- and for insuring for the said outer surfaces of the plates or electrodes a minimum of metallic lead surface; to provide an Improved construction arrangement involving a divided positive electrode, or

' negative-pole-elemcut,as it is called, and an inner or intermediate negative electrode, or

,positive-pole-elcmcnt, as it is called, and in which the weight and bulk of the said positive eleetrode 0r negative-pole-elcment, although arranged at opposite sides ofthe negative electrode or positive-pole-element, is no greater than the said inner or intermediate electrode or positive-pole-element,

whereby the two electrodes present to each other a full andefiicient amount of opposing surface-that is tosay, just double the amount of opposing surface which would be obtained by the use of a single positive plate and a single negative plate placed side bK side-thus insuring a comparatively hig generating power and current strength in a battery of comparati'ely small bulk and weight; to.provide a battery of comparatively small size and weight, but having a generating power and current strength of such character as to make the battery particularly useful and desirable in connection with internal-combustion engines,-that is,

for use in supplyin the sparker of an engine I of this type with't 1e necessarv electric current to provide an improve construction and arrangement or insuring a requisite or proper degree of strength or-rigidlty In a lead battery involving a comparatively small amount of metallic lead, thus not only reducing the weight of the battery without decreasing its efiiciency, or without endangering its strength and Iigidity,ia nd at the same time reducing the cost of manufacture of the battery as a whole; to provide an improved construction and formation of grid for insuring a high or requisite degree of conductivity, as well as for insuring against displacement of the paste or matenal-tobecome-active; and toprovide certain details and features .of improvement, and certain other novel and advantageous features of construction, tending to increase the general efliciency and serviceability of a storage,

battery of this particular character.

0 the foregoing and other useful ends, my invention consists in matters hereinafter set forth and claimed. A

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows a battery involving the pr nciples of x my invention, and cdmprisingtwo cells assembled with two sides of the outer containing-box removed, and showm certam portions broken away to show the side of the i Fig. 2 shows the method of forming the middle grid and the positive-pole-element.

manner in which the teeth are formed on the inner surfaces of the grid-bars or ribs Fig. 3represents a vertical section of sa1d gr! upon th'e line 3-3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 Is a vertical longitudinal section of the cell,

showing certain portions broken away. Fig. 5 shows a horizontal set-tum of the cell.

6, 7 and are top plan views of the" three grids, showing the middle grid inclosed in the pocket or receptacle. hi1. J

represents a vertical section on the line 5 8 1 of Fig. 5. Fig. 10 shows a vertical section of the'middle or positivepole-clement. withdrawn from the cell, and the manner of assembling the porous libcr on-i-ither side of this grid; togeth r with the means for insuletting the same from the ncgatiw-pole-clemerit. Fig. ll represents a lateral vertical 7 View of the central or positive-p-tic-clement.

.and illustrates the manner of assembling the i to and the perforated insulating material.

- St 1 h,. 12 nu end view uhtht. pocket or receppole-element.

acle {or inelosing the. llli lttlt or positive- F 1g. 13 is a fragmentary pcr- 'specti' 'e view of a portion of the midthc grid,

s towing the inwardly projecting teeth on the in'ner faces of the grid-bars or ribs. Fig. 14 I is a side elevation of the middle grid, with g the material to become active removed. I Fig. 15 is a vertical section on line 1515 in i Fig. 14. Fig. it) is a horizontal section of a portion of the mold, showing the manner in which the middle grid is formed, the section being taken on line l6--1ti in Fig. 14, or on line-lti-lfi in Fig. 1b. Fig. 17 shows one i sldeof the mold, as shown in Fig. 16, scparated from the balance otthe structure. Fig.

' polc-elcmcntof the battery. These are pref- 18 shows a section th ougn the mold, and through one of the grid bars cast in the nu id, and is a section taken on line 18-45 in Fig. 16. Fig. 1. is a section on line 1.) 19 in Fig. 16.

In Fig. 1', A represents the outer contain-- ing-box, in which the desired number of cells, usually two or three, are placed, and which is made of any desirable material. B' represents the cell proper, whi h can be constructed of any of the various materials used for this purpose, such, for example, as hard rubber. C re )rcscnts the thin plates which, taken togct ier, form the negativecrably constructed of such dimensions that thecapac-ity of the grid represented by D section, with the vertex 0 of the triangle in "The plates C are placed in contact with the their combined capncitv is equal, or substan- 1 null equal, to that of the central plate 1).

inner surface of the cell B.

The plates and D are each composed of i an outer rectangular frame or marginal portion, represented by c and 4;,- icspoctive y, c 1 being one-half the width of d in order to make equal to the capacity of the two grids (1, one

in the cell box Ba \tithin-thc rectangulnr frame 0, and cast integral with it, are parallel vertical burs, or ribs 1; triangular in cross strengtlwucd at various points by h r zontal webs 1: running parallel to the h riront-al portions of we trams c, and transversely to the parallel ribs of the grid, thus binding together all ol these ribs. at short intervals, 1 gn-atl increasing their strength. it, will thus he Sl'k'll that a grid of this torn, when tilled with matcriahto-bccortie-active, presents to the solution of the bat [cry a maximum of paste-surface, leaving exposed only the lines or dges 0' of the vertical ribs c.

The bars or ribs (1 of the plate D are pro- \idcd, upon their inner faces, with small tooth-like projections d" which are adapted to more firmly hold the matcrial-to-becomeactive firmly within the grid. These toothlihe projections are formed by merely causin; an incision m to be made in the projecting ior ions m" of the compleuicntal parts or inlves .\I of the mold as is shown in Figs. 16 and 17. The outer edges d of the ribs d are very thin, the ribs being triangular in crossscetion. Between the plates (land D are laced perforated sheets F of rubber, or other suitable material, re-inforced at intervsils by solid ribs f of suitable dimensions, running vertically, and serving as separating strips to prevent the electrodes from coming in contact with each other. Thesereticulated separating devices may he, and prcfer' ably are, cast in the form of a pocket into which the middle electrode D tits closely, and the pocket being of such a length over all that it will tit closely within the. cell-box B. In order that the plates C mav he held firmly wit-bin the coll-box,'suitablclugs c are cast upon each of the'corners of the solid frame 0, making the length of the grid equivalent to the interior length of the celhbox B. On the upper and outer surface of this solid corners thereof, is cast a suitable cyliinlrical lug c into which is cast a. suitable binding' post 0'. These twohindin posts 0 of each cell are bound together with a bar 0 which may be made of brass ornny suitable conducting material. A similar lug d is cast. upon the frame of the grid at the plate D, and in assembling the parts, I find it preferable to arrange the grids so thatthe lugs of the grids which constitute the negative pole will project from one of the cell-boxes B, while the lug of the positive-polc-grid projects from the cell-box B at the opposite end. as is illustrated in 1. I prefer, also, in assembling frame 0, and at a suitable distance from the range them so that the positive-pole of one 1 its neighboring cell-a staggered arran ement in regard to the pole of the assembled cell will lie adjacent. to the negative-pole of cells; by this arrangement the cells are ad-5 vanta eously connected in series.

late 5, the horizontal webs 1 unite the ribs 5 and give strength to the grid. The plate D has a binding 0st or terminal (1. As

in the i the cells within the cell containing box, to arl rial-to-becoinc-active or lace; and in the inner or intermediate electrode or plate the retention of the paste or material-to-liccomeactive in place is still further insured by the provision of the inwardly projecting teeth, as herein explained. mediate electrode. together with the means for insulating and separating it from the outer electrode. and for securely retaining its paste or material-to-lweenie-active 1n shown, the sheets 7 of cellular or other porous material are interposed hetwet n the faces or'sides of the plate D and the reticulated sidc-portions F of the pocket or receptacle 16 Although shown in several pieces, this pocket or receptacle can be cut or made in one integral piece of rubber or similar material. The

pocket thus provided with porous sides keeps place. are removable as a unit from the interror of the battery or cell. Preferably, and as shown and explained. the two sections of the outer electrode are each subor intermediate electrode: and with the arthe paste or material-to-hecomc'activc of tho plat-e D firmly in place. the teeth (Z on one side of me grid are made by the notches or incision m in the half a. section of the. mold at the other Sltli. ol the 'd. In other words, each half of the mold makes the eeth at thet- .her side.

it will be seen that plc, iight and comparatively small, yet highly eflicient and powerful storage battery. The

lead employed insure a requisite or proper degree of stillness or rigidity. but at l the same time give the. sides or faces of the latcs a maximum of paste-surl'ace,-that 1s, a maximum of surfacc-to-lweenie-active. and a minimum of lead or metallic surface. the outer edges of the vertical I'll)S of each grid being very thin and slight as compared The layers of cellular or other porous mate' I rial constitute porous retainers applied to the opposite surfaces of the inner or intermediate e ectrode, and are held tightly in place against the opposite surfaces of said electrode b the outer )erforated or reticulated side we. is of the pociretor receptacle in which said electrode is contained. In fact, the. said'pocket or receptacle provides all of the insulation necessary for properly separating and insulating the electrodes from each other, and provides the means necessary or desirable for holding the paste or material- O-become-active of the Inner or intermediate electrode securely in place. Although the two electrodes are substantially the same 1n weight and bulk, and although flat surfaces are employed, it will be seen that both surfaces of the inner or intermediate electrode are utilized, thus insuring a high deee'ofefii'ciency and current-strength in a. .ttery of comparatively small size and little we ght T 0 construction of each grid is eflectlvc in retaining t e paste or materangement shown. only the inner surfaces of the said outer electrode are exposed. the outer surfaces thereol" being pressed tightly against the side walls ol the rubber or other reetangular-shaped cell in which .the two electrodes are inelos d. llv the arrange- .ment of theribs ol' the gridsj and by turning the sharp edges or angular faces ol the ribs outward, the paste or material-to-bccomeactire is not. only more securely held in )lacemrticularly in the case ol the grid raving the internal tceth-but also the plates are given a comparatively high degree of internal conductivity.

It will be readily understood that the electrolytc ei'nployed in my improved battery may be of any known, suitable or approved charactciy as, for instance, dilute sulfuric. t acid, or other similar solutions.

What 1 claim as my invention is 1; A grid comprising an oppositely disposcd series of horizontal containing bars,

i and a series of vertical strengthening bars,

said vertical bars being provided with a plurality of inwardly flaring lugs. i

2. A grid comprising oppositely disposed series of horizontal, triangular containing bars, and a'series of vertical strengthening bars, said vertical bars being rovided with a plurality of inwardly flaring age.

3. A grid comprising oppositely disposed series of horizontal, triangular containing bars set with a ex outward, and a series of vertical strengt iening hears, said vertical bars being provided with a. plurality of inwardly flaringxlugs. 1

4. grid comprising oppositely disposed series of horizontal containing bars of a. tri angular cross-section, and a series of oppositely dis osed vertical strengthening bars, each-bar eing provided with a. series ofinwardl flaring lugsor teeth, the teeth of oposite y disposed bars being in staggered re-. ation to each other.

5. A grid comprising oppositely disposed series of horizontal 'contaimng bars of a. triangular cross-section set with apex outward,

The inner or interand a series of oppositeh' disposed vertical 1 spaces'or recesses betweer sald nbs and held 10 strengthening burs. each her being provided 1 in lace therein by the s md teeth or lugs.

withescries ofinwerdlyfluringiugs orteeub, igned by me at C ucugo, Cook county, the teeth of oppusiiely die posed bars being Illinpis, this 20th day of April 1905.

5 in staggered relatian to each other. WILLIAM GARDINER 6. A storage battery plate camprising a lead grid having vertice'ily disposed ribs provVibnesses: ided with inwerdly projecting teeth or lu s, SARAH LEWIS,

and materiel-t-t)-become-ective filling t e ALBERT J. SAUBER 

